Things we don’t understand

Apart from the philosophical and consciousness-related gaps, there are few general-purpose or almost-at-that-level things that we really don’t understand how or why they work.

• Why do planes fly?
• What happens inside fire?
• How does general anesthesia work?
• Why does magnetism occur?
• What is gravity?
• Why do we need to sleep?
• What is the nature of dark matter and dark energy?
• How do large language models work?

Please point me to anything that can better explain any of these; and all of the others that should be on this list that I missed!